Discourse Community Free Essays

McCarthy relates the classes Dave took care of a remote nation with a language that must be learned so as to succeed. Dave battled in his verse class since he neglected to get familiar with the â€Å"foreign† language of the class. In this scholarly talk, Dave needed to figure out how to dissect and compose expositions that will, make [him] say something very explicit regarding the importance of a sonnet (your theory) and show how far [he has] advanced In perceiving and managing he gadgets an artist uses to communicates his Insights† (242). We will compose a custom paper test on Talk Community or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Since this was not normal for what he needed to do in his Freshmen Composition or Biology class, this methodology was unfamiliar to him. He was use to summing up and demonstrating his literary intelligence however now he was increasingly centered around better approaches for speculation and composing for that class. HIS evaluations In the verse class never Improved. The social angles just as his cognizance Influenced his composition. Dave had an association with the composing his both of his different classes yet not to verse. He imagined that none of the verse related aside from the pay scholarly gadgets. He likewise felt that he was a pariah on the youth while his educator wasn’t. He would go through hours composing the exposition to satisfy the necessary Manner and Quality just to have his blunders brought up with no clarification concerning why they weren't right. Dave felt that, â€Å"In Poetry, pretty much every sonnet is unique, o it’s not educated to you. You simply need to make sense of it from that sonnet itself and expectation Dry. Spurned preferences it† (251 This prevented Dive’s possibility of prevailing in the class. Since he saw that his composing was bombing he could’ve requested to meet with the teacher secretly to talk about what he was fouling up. The teacher likewise could’ve had more rule addresses and helped the understudies by bringing up certain subtleties in the sonnet that would’ve profited their composition. Step by step instructions to refer to Discourse Community, Papers

Discuss the importance and dramatic significance of Act 1 scene 5 in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

Talk about the significance and sensational essentialness of Act 1 scene 5 in Romeo and Juliet Essay In Act 1 scene 5 there us a noteworthiness that isn't in some other scene since it is the place the two fundamental characters meet and become hopelessly enamored. It is additionally significant in light of the fact that it is the place the disaster is set up to happen.In the opening of Act 1 scene 5 the climate is occupied, as the hirelings prepare for the Capulet ball saying:Away with the john stools, evacuate the court organizer, look to the plate. Great thou, spare me a bit of marchpane, and as tho adores me, let the doorman let in Susan Grindstone and Nell.This is as opposed to the completion of the last scene where rather than the occupied and cheerful climate the crowd would have been feeling a scene of premonition from Romeos hunch of his death.As Romeo enters the Capulets party, Capulet invites his visitors and offers them to move, prodding the ladies that on the off chance that they don't, he will broadcast that they have corns. This discourse Capulet gives has hugeness in light of the fact that it shows a greater amount of Lord Capulets character. Additionally it features the contrasts between the old and the youthful. He does references to the correlation between the calmness old enough and the vitality of young people. Capulet likewise alludes to when he was youthful when he says:That I could wear a visor and could tell a murmuring story in a reasonable ladys ear, for example, would please; tis gone, tis gone, tis gone.This alludes to the general significance of the play giving pictures of all the ordinary things in life.The purpose behind Romeo needing to go to Capulets party was with the goal that he could see his affection Rosaline. Anyway once he sees Juliet he falls in a split second infatuated with her and overlooks the out of reach Rosaline. At the point when Romeo first observes Juliet he utilizes symbolism such as,O doth encourage the lights to consume splendid implying that she is the main light in the room. Before that Romeos character i ndicated that he delighted in being dismal, being heartsick; he thinks he is being not kidding however it is just when he encounters genuine affection that he understands how mixed up he has been to date. He utilized customary extravagant dignified language, which envelops his estimations with such a large number of words it tends to be hard to work out what he truly implies when discussing Rosaline, yet at this point Romeo is talking evidently, we know precisely what he implies and have no trouble is seeing precisely what his actual feelings are since Romeo is talking from his heart. Yet additionally when Romeo first discussions about Juliet he likewise again gives the crowd a feeling of premonition saying:The measure done, Ill watch her place of stand, and contacting hers, make favored my inconsiderate hand.This wonderful, serene verse, which Romeo uses to communicate his prompt love for Juliet, is rather than the short furious upheavals of Tybalt. Tybalts short sentences and outr age uncover a repressed dissatisfaction, which causes the crowd to feel tension for Romeo. Tybalt responds like this since he trusts Romeo to be there to,A scoundrel that is here come in show disdain toward, to hate at out seriousness this nightLord Capulet, anyway when he understands that the outsider in his home is Romeo, a Montague, he doesn't let Tybalt make an object and ruin the night. In his addresses, he is making considerate casual discussion with his visitors and simultaneously turning aside and talking unobtrusively to Tybalt advising him to stay out of other people's affairs, he doesn't need a complain made before his guests.Tybalt is a totally different character, blazing and combative, prepared to battle in any event opportunity, Ill not suffer him, and is just barely controlled by Capulet from moving Romeo to a battle. Clearly his character resembles this in the remainder of the play. Tybalts upheaval additionally connections to the motivation behind why act 1 scene 5 is significant. On the off chance that Tybalt had not discovered Romeo was at the gathering, at that point the greater part of the remainder of the play would not of come out the way it did.The first time the two fundamental characters meet; Shakespeare has their words in a poem. He does this to show the amount Romeo and Juliet are on top of one another. He additionally utilizes Religious pictures to show this such as:For holy people have hands that explorers hands do contact, and palm to palm is heavenly palmers kiss Shakespeare is attempting to appear here how genuine Romeo and Juliet are just as how perfect they are. Likewise this identifies with the authentic setting of the play since in Shakespeare times a 14-line work was popular.Juliets reactions to Romeos words in the piece are generally strict pictures. Toward the start of the play, Juliet appears to be very blameless and unconscious of adoration. At the point when her mom initially raises the subject of marriage, she says compliantly, It is a respect that I dream not of. In any case, when she begins to look all starry eyed at Romeo, she is happy to hazard everything including her life to be with him, in spite of the fact that she is reluctant to take the dozing draft. She envisions waking in the burial place encompassed by the collections of the dead, yet she is as yet arranged to proceed with the plan.When the darlings share their first kiss, the crowd knowing the sensational incongruity now should feel a feeling of repulsiveness comprehending what may happen to them through the characters foreboding.Before Romeo and Juliet discover who each other are, the crowd would have had a feeling of emotional incongruity. At the point when Romeo discovers Juliets character, Shakespeare attempts to cause the crowd to feel anticipation since Juliet was at this point to know. This is particularly evident when Juliet is asking her medical attendant what Romeos name is and the medical caretaker continues failing to understand the situation. Indeed, even before Juliet discovers, she gives the crowd a feeling of premonition where she likewise observes her own demise saying,My grave is probably going to be my wedding bed.Two recordings gave 2 unique methods of coordinating the play Romeo and Juliet. One was finished by Baz Luhrman in 1996, and the other by Franco Zeffirelli in 1968. Zeffirelli gave a Shakespearian variant of Romeo and Juliet with the ensembles and setting and Music. Anyway Luhrman did an advanced variant. The two adaptations chose outfits for the characters to suit their character in the play. For instance in Luhrmans form Juliet is dressed as a blessed messenger to give her virtue, moreover in Zeffirellis rendition Juliet was dress in a long red dress, which could show Juliet to represent love. I think the best form were the Luhrmans variant. This is on the grounds that I think the ensembles in this form were more powerful and important than in Zeffirellis form for instance, Tybalts outfit was a fallen angel, this was presumably to show his furious character. Likewise Lord Capulet was dressed as a Roman chief, this might be a result of Capulets want to get his own way.In decision act 1 is significant on the grounds that it is the place the two fundamental characters meet begin to look all starry eyed at and sets up the catastrophe. As it said in the last scene with Romeos premonition. And furthermore during the scene, where Juliet likewise has a premonition. Additionally in this scene there is a key point where Tybalt state he needs retribution. On the off chance that he hadnt of been determined to vindicate due to Romeos interruption, at that point the remainder of the play would not of happened the manner in which it did.

Operation Anaconda 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Activity Anaconda 2 - Essay Example ce inputs got from different offices it was made sense of that Afghanistan and the Taliban government is ending up being a major help for such components. Also, the rest is history. At the point when the war began, it was seen that once the Taliban government is finished and the fear mongers are flushed out of their protected sky, the associated powers will hand over reins of capacity to the neighborhood government and make an early exit from the nation. Be that as it may, the incongruity is, much following six years, not a single good leave course has all the earmarks of being found and the united powers seem to have stood up in a lose-lose situation circumstance. The activity boa constrictor started well after a progression of energetic air strikes on the sharp focuses in and around Kabul and Kandahar. These airstrikes were to make the ground circumstance less irksome for the united, with the goal that the strategic the powers could be practiced in least conceivable time. Presently, when following six years, the US has another president, who has been condemning of the recent strategies of his forerunner on numerous fronts, the circumstance doesn’t give off an impression of being any extraordinary. Afghanistan is amidst the presidential races and if media reports are a sign, despite the claims of across the board extortion cases, the officeholder president is relied upon to be back also. Be that as it may, there’s still no beam of trust in the US powers. This positively brings up issue blemishes on the adequacy of insight associations like CIA and SOF in accurately dissecting the sources of info. Today when the powers seem franti c to the leave the war zone, the war appears to have gotten unwinnable in the midst of the waning help for these endeavors among the residents. It is very obvious that the knowledge inputs demonstrated lacking on numerous tallies. Not long before the beginning of the activity boa constrictor, the Taliban local army was getting support from Pakistani military and their insight foundation. After the Pakistan government was constrained to help the united powers endeavors in uncovering the

Environmental focus - The Rights of Nature Latin America Essay

Ecological center - The Rights of Nature Latin America - Essay Example Sumak Kawsay is a Quechua language, which is being spoken by the South American individuals. Sumak Kawsay is a Latin expression, wherein Sumak implies great and Kawsay implies living, thus together the word implies great living. Natural right idea has been presented in the Bolivian Constitution alongside the Sumak Kawsay origination with minor variety. Be that as it may, a similar constitution presents the privilege to the individuals to misuse the nature. Thusly, there lays pressure in the midst of the government assistance undertakings of state and the privilege of nature1. As indicated by Eckersley, an Australian scientist, deciphered that ecological calamity is happening in each check. In his exploration, he brought up the mixture of political, natural and environmental musings that overcome any barrier perseveres among these and furthermore traces the green political perspective. He additionally called attention to that natural disaster is a danger to human life, which isn't viewed as a logical difficulty, however includes artistic and characteristic structure. He further underlined the requirement for trans-assessment and experiencing through new eco-centrically based musings and assessment2. The Western world saw the need to shield nature from changed fiascoes. Pesticides, atomic control plants, poisonous waste dumps and huge size mechanical pollution among others contribute into calamitous devastation of the nature. In the current situation, political and natural hypothesis are mixed together to create condition based awareness in the midst of the individuals. The earth idea is the premise of the present enactment made by unmistakable countries while administering in a specific affair3. With this worry, the paper expects to make an ecological spotlight on the privileges of the nature with uncommon consideration regarding Bolivia. Different noteworthy viewpoints including portraying about the representativeness of the nature, factors elevated the sacred change to remember the privileges of nature for

Resource based view Essay - 275 Words

Resource based view (Essay Sample) Content: Topic: The Resource Based View and Its Relation To Strategic ManagementName :Institution:Introduction.The resource-based view is a theory dealing with competitive advantage .This ability of competitive advantage s based on application of valuable resources of a firm. (Mwailu Mercer, 1983 p142, Wernerfelt, 1984, p172: Rumelt, 1984, p557-558; Penrose, 1959)"The RBV states that a firm develops competitive advantage by not only acquiring but also developing, combining, and effectively deploying its physical, human, and organizational resources in ways that add value and are difficult for competitors to imitate." (Barnley, 1991).This theory propagates the notion that in it is not enough to have Human resource. In attaining competitive advantage over other players in the market, a combination of other forces comes into play. These forces include the harmonization of physical, human, and the organizational resources into one compact unit, that operates to the exclusion of a ll other competitors."The strong and obvious connection to the resource based view serves the strategic management field in two ways; 1 It foregrounds the role of human resources in questions of strategy, raising the importance of research and practice in strategic management. 2 It encourages a more relevant focus for human resource management, away from the human resource practices themselves and toward their effect on firm resources." (delery 1998, Wright et al.,2001)Human resource is a vital organ of any firm. The success or failure of a firm is hinged on the effectiveness of the human resource department. The resource-based view emphasizes this point.The harmonization of all departments and resources into one unit with a common agenda is a clear success path for any firm. This ensures competitive advantage and makes it even harder for competitors to match a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s ability or even imitate its skills.Differences between the resources based view and the industrial organiz ational view.Industrial organization is an examination of str...

Argumentative Essay on Does Violence in Television Programs Breed Violence in Society

Argumentative Essay on Does Violence in Television Programs Breed Violence in Society Does Violence in Television Programs Breed Violence in Society? Today people are often complaining that TV programs are filled with negative news and events, that for people’s psyche it is detrimental and it urges them to behave aggressively. But is it really so? What are the reasons of such negative programs appearing on TV screens and what is people’s true reaction to them? Let us face the reality: people don’t do anything in the world of media that isn’t in demand and won’t bring them real money. They always strive to raise as much cash as it is possible, which can’t be so without attention drawn to their product and enough response. Thus, we can conclude that the tendency of showing cruelty and violence on TV screens is in demand. And it is really so, although being unacceptable as for an average person. But if people really want to watch such programs, why they complain about them? The reason is also very simple. People hate admitting that something bad happens due to their own fault. They would rather blame everybody else than admit that it is them who created this trend and continue to pour oil on flames by constantly discussing this problem. For marketing purposes this situation is ideal, as no specific advertising is needed. As soon as people see an ad with some terrifying news, the majority of them will become interested in it and will want to watch it. And what happens if people see some positive piece of news? They either criticize it by saying that everything cannot be so cloudless, as people are constantly speaking about catastrophes and different misfortunes, or simply won’t pay attention to it at all. This is a peculiar feature of our psychology, but to my mind it is better to admit it, than blame all the people around you in the interest to programs showing inappropriate content. On balance, to watch or not to watch TV and negative programs in particular are a choice of each and every person. Those who complain about

Motivation And Emotion Of Social Needs - 1531 Words

On the other hand, social needs are another aspect of human motivation and emotion that is vital to the workings of intrinsic motivation. Social needs are implicit needs that are acquired through the development of socialization that inherently activates an emotional responses due to experiences (Hunt, 2015d). This is significant to motivating human behavior in that one’s social needs are not expressed until there is an experience that can satisfy their achievement, affiliation, or power. Thus, the social needs are reactive because of their nature to influence perceptions, emotions, and behavior (Hunt, 2015d). For each facet of social needs, there are specific social incentives that can trigger the activation of these implicit needs. In consequence, these experiences can motivate the emotional and behavioral potential of an individual depending on what motive is the origin (Hunt, 2015d). The first social need, achievement, is a driven personal act demonstrating one’s co mpetence. The second, affiliation, is activated by the opportunity to gain the approval of others in order to gain a secure relationship that pleases others. The third, power, is simple in that its social incentive is having an impact on others. (Hunt, 2015d). In each of these, there is a tendency to approach or avoid depending on the conditions that may or may not satisfy the social need. For achievement, conditions that are able to satisfy this need are moderately difficult tasks that optimize success, aShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Emotion By James Lange Theory And Cognitive Appraisal887 Words   |  4 PagesEvery human experience different emotions in one single day. Emotion is a complex psychophysiological experience of an individual as a result of his interactions with the environment. Emotion involves feeling, thinking, activation of the nervous system, physiological changes, and behavioral changes. Different theories exist regarding how and why people experience emotion. Th ese include the James-Lange theory, Schacter and Singer’s two-factor theory and Cognitive Appraisal. The first theory, James-LangeRead MoreMotivation And Emotion And Emotions Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesMotivation and emotion are closely linked concepts that affect behaviour. Motives affect emotion and emotion has related motivational properties. Motivation is defined as a reason or reasons for acting or behaving in a certain manner as it gives directions to our emotions, feelings and actions. Similar to motivation, emotions also activate and affect behaviourisms but emotion is rather a more subjective, complex experience resulting in behavioural changes. (Quizlet.com, 2016) (Alleydog.com, 2016)Read MorePersonal Statement On Emotional Intelligence1593 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity Canada West Professor: Dr. Michele Vincenti MGMT601 Leadership in the Global Context 16th January 2017 Abstract The paper discusses about the emotional intelligence, which has various factors. The factors are self awareness, motivation, self regulation, social skills and empathy. In case of effective leadership, these factors plays major role. However, emotional intelligence is teachable to improve the personal skills and personality. A person with proper emotional intelligence has the abilityRead MoreHow Emotions Are Influenced By Emotion Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesEmotions are our feelings; it helps us describe the way we feel. We use our emotion to describe how we feel about one another. It plays an important role on how we behave and think. The brain process emotions by using the amygdala which is where the region of the brain controls emotion and where the neutral pathways avoid passing through the amygdala which is responsible for thinking. We can express our emotions in different ways, in 1972, a famous psychologist Paul Ekman, discovered a couple ofRead MoreEmotional Intelligence : An Essential Quality For All Managers1371 Words   |  6 Pagesother people’s emotions, to differentiate between feelings, and to use emotional information to guide thinking and behavior (Goleman, In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia Online., (n.d.)). Emotional intelligence is an essential quality for all managers to be exceptional leaders. According to Daniel Goleman, there are 5 components of emotional intelligence, self-awareness, self-regulation, internal motivation, empathy, and social skills. Recognizing your own emotions as well as the emotions of othersRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Psychology1551 Words   |  7 PagesSocial psychology seeks to identify and understand how society (i.e. family, community, sub groups, and peers, etc.) influences thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of the individual. Within the realm of social psychology, two prominent theorists emerge, Albert Bandura and Bernard Weiner. Both theorists have made great impacts within their fields, determining and describing cause and effect of social influences on the individual’s behaviors, but more importantly, how external contributors manifest intoRead MorePsychologist Abraham Moslows Theory Of Abraham Maslow1436 Words   |  6 PagesPsychologist A braham Maslow formulated a theory of hierarchy of needs, according to Saul McLeod for Simply Psychology. This theory outlines various physiological and psychological needs in a pyramid-style hierarchy of importance. Maslow believed that people are generally motivated by their needs. After a person meets the basic physiological needs required for living, next come the needs for security, love/belonging, esteem and self-actualization, according to Psychology Today. Security of body, employmentRead MoreThe College Educational Experience Is Both Highly Challenging And Demanding1521 Words   |  7 Pageslevel of success, students need to be at their â€Å"A game† both physically and psychologically. However, being on one’s â€Å"A game† from a psychological point of view is an uphill task considering the various obstacles that students face and the impact of their motivation and emotions. Some students are also exposed to conditions that have adverse effects on thei r psychological well-being and makes it difficult for them to develop the necessary level of self-esteem and motivation to succeed in college. AfterRead MoreThe Key Components Of Emotional Intelligence1609 Words   |  7 PagesEmotional Intelligence, Science and technology are continuously advancing. According to Goleman (1998), prior to the 1990s, emotions were largely unexplored. Goldman suggests that more recent developments in technology have resulted in research on the brain and the psychology of emotion. He argues that there is now a growing body of research that suggests that emotions are a fundamental component of intelligence. He suggests that historically, intelligence has been thought of by many as a fixedRead MoreTheories of Motivation1011 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of Motivation Arousal: * A person’s state of alertness and mental and physical activation. Arousal Theory: * People are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal. * The optimal level is different for all of us. Stimulus Motives: * Motives that cause us to increase stimulation. * Appear to be unlearned, * Curiosity, exploration, and play that occur when your arousal is too low. Yerkes-Dodson Law Yerkes-Dodson Law: * Principle that performance on a

The Al-Shabaab Terrorist Group Free Essay Example, 2750 words

Islamic Courts Union was a group of Sharia courts who collaborated to form a rival administration against Somalia’s Transitional Federal Government. ICU was larger group within which Al-Shabaab operated. The ICU broke up, and the Al-Shabaab reorganized themselves into a more combatant group. Al-Shabaab began a campaign of encouraging people from all localities across the country to join their ranks. The motive of this campaign was to encourage additional people to participate in the jihad group operations in order to increase in numbers and maintain power. The chief of awareness raising of Al-Shabaab, Sheikh Mohamed Shongole, requested parents to send their unmarried girls to fight alongside male militants (Little, 2012). Massive inclusion is one of the strategies that terrorists groups employ in order to gain financial and human resources to aid their perilous operations. The initial members of Al-Shabaab are believed to have emerged and organized themselves into a group in 2003 (Leuprecht & Hall, 2013). The group formerly emerged as militant youth wing of al-Ittihad al-Islam. Al-Ittihad al-Islam was one of the Somali extremist groups of 1980s and 1990s. Al-Shabaab remained inactive for several years without taking control of any territory. We will write a custom essay sample on The Al-Shabaab Terrorist Group or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now It is believed that the group might have taken years of rest in organizing deadly attacks to commence later. Leadership challenges and lack of finances were among the constraints that hit the group during this period of inactivity. The year 2006 saw the removal of the Islamic Courts Union from Mogadishu, the Somalia capital, by Ethiopian forces (Leuprecht Eritrea used the group as a proxy against its long-term enemy, Ethiopia. The Al-Shabaab group retreated to the swampy areas of South Somalia from where the members conducted conventional guerilla campaigns that led to the defeat of advancing Ethiopian forces. The association of Al-Shabaab with Al-Qaeda signaled a new approach in 2008.

A Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen - 1639 Words

In the play A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen examines the roles of a woman during the nineteenth century in a male dominated Victorian society. The play is a well-played out journey of the main character, Nora, self-discovery and struggles against the oppression of her husband Torvald and the society he represents. Nora, who is the wife of Torvald Helmer, is the heroine of the play in the end. At the beginning of Act I, the scene is a clear picture of the lifestyle of the Helmer’s household. The Helmer’s are prominent members of the Victorian society. Nora purpose in life is to be happy for her husband and children. Torvald appears to be a loving, devoted, and generous husband. (3). Nora has taken drastic measures to save her husband’s†¦show more content†¦Torvald is constantly treating Nora like a child by calling her childlike names and not regarding her as an adult. In Act III, Nora goes from being Torvald’s â€Å"little singing-bi rd† (132) to being a â€Å"miserable creature† (133) when Torvald feels his reputation is in jeopardy and begins to berate and verbally abuse Nora by name calling. He is more worried about what people will think of him that he wants to cover up Nora’s mess at any cost. Torvald does not care about what Nora is going through, but she did it all for the appearance of her husband. Torvalds’s role as her husband is understood to the reader as the masculine role of the bread winner as both a lawyer and banker. Ibsen makes it clear that Torvald has a physical and emotional control over his wife as he treats her like a child, a plaything, and his personal doll. He constantly uses degrading pet names such as â€Å"little squirrel,† â€Å"little lark,† â€Å"little spendthrift,† and â€Å"little featherhead.† (I.4-5). As Torvald treats Nora like a child, she continues to follow her husband’s conception of her. Nora’s actions conveys the many compromises women make in order to fit into society and marriage. Ibsen has set the tone for Nora’s character as one who is a helpless damsel as she asks for money for Christmas from Trovald. He continues to show her that he is in control by telling her â€Å"still, you know, we can’t spend money recklessly.† (I.5). Acting as a spoil child, Nora replies to

How Social Inequalities Affect A Person S Experience Of...

The aim of this essay is to look at how social inequalities affect a person`s experience of drug and alcohol dependency and their potential for recovery or successful treatment. Due to social inequality people are ostracised from society, these individuals who are stigmatised and suffer discrimination are often the poor as opposed to the hierarchy who have better opportunities in life. Social Inequality refers to the way individuals in society are labelled regarding their status. This could be their citizenship, location or other factors such as age, gender or class. This essay will look at social inequalities and who experiences them, however the main focus will be on those with drug and alcohol dependencies and how stigma and marginalisation are attached to them. Additionally the essay will look at some of the reasons why the stigma attached to someone dependent on drugs or alcohol can create barriers to accessing treatment and impact on their recovery. There are two main areas for social inequality, one being the equality of conditions, the other being income and material possessions. (Lewis 2011) The poor are being blamed for their own poverty and have been labelled as scroungers who prefer to receive benefits than earn a living. In actual fact a large number of people living in poverty are working, these are usually long hours for minimum wages. Housing is also typical of social inequality, in particular the homeless or those who are in hostels. The poorer communitiesShow MoreRelatedHsc Level 5 Unit 534 Essay14626 Words   |  59 PagesCandidate Performance Evidence Record | | NVQ Title and Level: Health and Social Care level 5 Unit 534 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...... Candidate Name: Rafal Gac †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..................... Use this form to record details of activities (tick as appropriate) Observed by your assessor | | Professional discussion | | Evidence ref:Unit numbers: | Seen by an expert witness | | Product evidence observed | | | Seen by a witness | | Assignment/ ProjectOther__________________Read MoreDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 PagesInternational Fund for Agricultural Development Enabling poor rural people to overcome poverty * Rural Poverty Portal * Contact us * Employment scam * Site map * Copyright * Subscribe * What s new * Accessibility ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Search Bottom of Form * Home * About * Operations * Development effectiveness * Evaluation * From the field * Partners * Topics * Newsroom * Events Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesTopics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 Resource leveling 7.2 Setting a cost and time baseline schedule (1.3.5) [8.1.3] 6.5.2.3 CriticalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesperspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7 (paper : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard

Supply Chain Operations for Ergon Energy- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSupply Chain Operations for Ergon Energy. Answer: Overview of Ergon Energy Australia Ergon Energy is a subsidiary of the Energy Queensland Limited (EQL), a corporation owned by Government of Queensland. Ergon Energy provides energy to all of Queensland, except south-east Queensland via the Australian Energy Regulator (AER) network which sets the prices that Ergon Energy can charge from customers. The company was founded on July 1, 1999 and has its headquarters in Townsville (Corporate profile, 2017). Ergon Energy is an active player in unconventional energy generation mechanisms and is one of the chief buyers of renewable power resources in Australia. The company is a major contributor to the skill-development process across the Queensland region. The company also pays attention to its social responsibility through partnerships with certain client communities. Ergon Energys distribution network including poling and wiring is mainly managed by the Australian Energy Regulator (AER). This authority also sets the revenues that can be collected by Ergon Energy for its services (Service regions and depot map, 2017). One of the other subsidiaries of the company is Ergon Energy Telecommunications pvt ltd, with Nexium Telecommunications as its trade name. This organization mainly serves Ergon Energys communication needs and is an authorized telecommunications transporter that also provides Queensland with high-speed broadband. The company has a joint undertaking with Energex Ltd, Sparq Solutions pvt ltd that offers Communications Technology and Information solutions to them (Executive management team, 2017). Ergon Energys core values are based on an abbreviated term known as SPIRIT. It stands for Safety, Professionalism, Integrity, Respect, Innovation and Team Work. The companys goal is to implant these values into the conscious minds of all of its employees so that they can always remember these and implement in daily professional routine (Environmental management practices, 2017). Day-today-Operation of Ergon Energy The electricity network of Ergon Energy consists of a hundred-and-sixty-thousand km of powerlines and approx. 1 million electricity poles. It also consists of related infrastructure like the main substations and electricity transformers. Ergon Energy has since Aug 2007 possessed and made to function the Barcaldine gas-fired power station and associated set-up that is responsible for supplying power to main grid (Ergon Energy Corporation Limited, 2010). There are two main functional areas in which Ergon Energy generally operates into. One of them is the department which manufactures and manages electricity allocation network and the other is the retail department whose task is to sell that electricity to common people and businesses (Corporate profile, 2017). The network functional area of Ergon Energy is responsible for manufacturing and distributing the electricity in the entire region of Queensland, basically building poles and wires. Under this operational function, Ergon Energy also has certain roles to play which includes informing their customers of planned and unplanned outages and restoration processes, to restore power quickly after a natural disaster such as cyclone or floods, to add and establish new connections to homes and businesses, to accommodate connections for solar and new technologies, to ensure their customers and staff around electricity are safe, to read over 5 million meters each year and plan for the future of electricity network (OSullivan, Oo Harvey, 2010). Ergon Energy also has another major functional area Retail. The main objective of this functional area is to sell electricity connections and opening of new accounts and arranging location shifts, calculation of correct tariff plans for every customer, managing electricity usage, giving customers various options to pay for accounts, subscribing for clean energy and donating for Royal Flying Doctor Service (Service regions and depot map, 2017). Linkages between Ergon Energy operations and courses theory The LB5230 theory as supplied in our courseware that deals with the concepts of the Supply Chain Management, Value Chain Management and Operations Management has a significant impact on the business operations of Ergon Energy (Coelli Lawerence, 2006). Operations Management is the art and science of making sure that goods and services of the firm are made and delivered in an effective manner to the end customers. OM includes the know-how of designing of goods, services, the processes that manufacture them, the everyday upkeep of those processes and the continuous improvement of such processes (Roy, 2005). The Value Chain background is formed when a tactical process at the strategic level, a plan procedure on the planning level and operations procedures on the operating level exists in the organization. A value chain is the process that disaggregates a firm into its strategically relevant activities to understand the behavior of costs and the existing and potential sources of differentiation (Roy, 2005, p.120). The typical value chain as made known by Porter includes of a set of actions which are done to produce, design, advertise, supply and support their product. Michael E. Porter has classified these actions into two broad headings viz: Primary Activities These are activities which include outbound logistics, inbound logistics, operations, sales and marketing, services in the basic value chain building value directly Support Activities Support activities include collection, human resource management, management of technology, organizational infrastructure backing the value creation in the basic value chain Supply Chain Management A supply chain management encompasses all the integrated activities that actually bring the end product to market and make customers satisfied. The Supply Chain Management program integrates topics from manufacturing operations, purchasing, transportation and physical distribution (Coelli Lawerence, 2006, p. 236). Ergon Energy is one of leading and highly diverse electricity supply companies of Australia and it does understand its responsibility to coordinate its operations in a manner that minimizes ecological impact. Ergon Energy is a socially responsible and conscious electricity supply organization of Australia that has been in the industry since more than a decade. The organization employs over 4000 people and has been rated as a top company to work for in Australia because of its decent corporate culture and high employee satisfaction ratings (Sioshansi, 2016). Ergon Energy is under the regulation of National Electricity Rules (NER) that is a part of the Australian Energy Regulator (AER). AER is responsible to set the amount of revenues that Ergon Energy is permitted to collect (OSullivan, Oo Harvey, 2010). Such revenue figures construct approx. fifty percent electricity retail price in Queensland. The company has extensively engaged with its customers to make them informed of their proposal and with constant support from the Australian Energy Regulator the company would be able to deliver premium quality results for regional Queensland (Demand and energy management plan, 2017). The company has a vital role in all the four elements of the power supply chain. Ergon Energy is both a supplier and a buyer, and plays less significant roles in creation and transmission of electricity. These revenues as estimated by the AER are primarily aimed at recovering the costs incurred in distributing electricity to customers (Response to ACCC discussion paper: National broadband network points of interconnect, 2017). The company has employed a coordinated, varied customer/community arrangement program in order to align its long-term interests of customers. One of the main aims of the organization has been to provide customers and other shareholders with a prospect to let know of their views and give input on expenditure schemes and important investments. Such inputs and suggestions are also processed to critically analyze the customers paying patterns for companys various services and standards (Corporate profile, 2017). These efforts of Ergon Energy have helped the organization to better understand the upcoming challenges that may be faced in the community and industry in general (Evans Hunt, 2009). The companys customer arrangement program for supervisory scheme since the last eighteen months has involved uninterrupted customer engagement that is supported by online information sharing and also important customer research package. The companys significant Board, CEO and top organization commit ment to local stakeholder and main body involvement (Executive management team, 2017). Sustainability within the Business model of Ergon Energy As per the business model of the company, the network of Ergon Energy would be such that provides an easily accessible platform and an equitable access to distributed energy resources and applications paving the path for an effective market that enables desired outcomes in a cost-efficient way. Ergon Energy has collaborated with the Government of Queensland to perform the outlined initiatives with the assistance of The Queensland Plan: a 30-year vision for Queensland; and PowerQ: a long-term strategy for Queenslands electricity sector (Liu, Rasul, Oo, Khan, 2010, p. 4). To align the strategic plans with these key planning documents Ergon Energy has made vital strategic plans. As part of this empowerment process, it is one of the objectives of the company to deliver the Queensland economy through certain techniques and methods. These methods include some key strategic objectives, strategic enablers and the outcomes derived from applying such techniques (Ergon Energy Corporation Limited, 2010). Strategic Objectives- the Company aims to achieve certain key strategic objectives through customer choice and control. The company aims to increase in average network price below inflation. Ergon Energy also aims to increase the productivity of energy resources. Key Strategic Enablers Some of the key strategic enablers of the company are effective market and prudent investment. Ergon Energy also strives to offer efficient service to its customers. Outcomes By carefully implementing the strategic objectives and key strategic enablers, Ergon Energy achieves customer value. The company also allows for better flexible work practices. Another major outcome is that the Queensland economy becomes stronger through the utilization of the Developer Charter. Ergon Energy has undergone fair restructuring to achieve new strategic direction, and updated its accountabilities to emphasize more on efficiency and enable for an effective market in the Queensland economy (Liu, Rasul, Oo, Khan, 2010). References Coelli, T. Lawerence, D., A. (2006). Performance measurement and regulation of network utilities. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Ergon Energy Corporation Limited. (2010). Response to ACCC discussion paper: National broadband network points of interconnect. Retrieved from https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/Ergon%20Energy%20-%20Public%20submission%20on%20NBN%20POIs.pdf. Ergon Energy. (2017). Corporate profile. Retrieved from https://www.ergon.com.au/about-us/who-we-are/our-company/corporate-profile. Ergon Energy. (2017). Demand and energy management plan. Retrieved from https://www.ergon.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/241394/Demand-and-Energy-Management-Plan-2017-18.pdf. Ergon Energy. (2017). Environmental management practices. Retrieved from https://www.ergon.com.au/network/network-management/environmental-management. Ergon Energy. (2017). Executive management team. Retrieved from https://www.ergon.com.au/about-us/who-we-are/our-company/leadership-team/executive-team. Ergon Energy. (2017). Service regions and depot map. Retrieved from https://www.ergon.com.au/about-us/who-we-are/our-company/service-regions-and-depot-map. Evans, J. Hunt, L., C. (2009). International handbook on the economics of energy. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Liu, G., Rasul, M., Oo, A., Khan, M. (2010). Emissions calculation for a grid-assisted hybrid renewable energy system in central Queensland region. Fusion Solutions: Challenges and Innovations: Proceedings of the 2010 IV Network conference(pp. 1-1). OSullivan, B., Oo, A., Harvey, B. (2010). Fusion Solutions: Challenges and Innovations : Proceedings of the 2010 IV Network conference. Ergon energy alternative augmentation evaluation tool for distribution planning, pp. 1-1. Roy, Dr., R., M. (2005). A modern approach to operations management. New Delhi, India: New Age International Publishers. Sioshansi, F., P. (2016). Future of utilities - utilities of the future: How technological innovations in distributed energy resources will reshape the electric power sector. London, UK: Academic Press.

Research Paper for Services and Products MNC

Question: Google is a company that has created a road map for what IT companies should be like; explain how Google can be considered to be one of the worlds best companies and at the same time one of the worlds most secretive organisations. Answer: Google Inc is a US based MNC, which is predominantly tech firm deals with internet based services and products that has revolutionised the world. It was founded in 1998 that aimed to organise the data of the world which should show universal usefulness and accessibility to the aspect of information accessibility. Headquartered in California, it has been instrumental in shaping the internet and defining new products that has helped daily lives to be benefitted immensely. Looking back the chronological events, its is evident that the key to become an aggregator was the coding behind the search results which was much sharper and relevant than that of the nearest rival. In this essay we try to decipher as to how Google grow fast and big, as one of the ITs most admired firms while it is also too secretive in whatever it does. The company started as a search company enabled the products and services to evolve over a period of time (Arundel, 2001). The success of Google existence is the search engine which was its first product to the world. This required coding and the ability to translate into ten different languages was a strategy which unified the Google users. This platform of search was later on improved with stickiness factor by Doodle that depicts an icon for any event in history. Gmail an advanced brand of email from Google also connected the people and opened up communication and free services offering chat and few innovative features which other email providers did not have. Most of the innovation by Google is addressing the user based needs and more international in approach that allowed the company to penetrate and play as the only integrator for the whole world. Google personalisation and customisation at the mass level showed that innovation in digital platform helped to segregate the markets and yet offered them the customisability in whatever they wanted to do online (Steiber, 2013). The company initially offer ed standalone products while most of them were path breaking which disrupted the online world. The company emerged as an IT firm, which had charted the growth of internet keeping the needs of the users in mind. It became mass producer of content, news at one stop becoming the internet enabled company to stamp its identity. It was clearly finding its way in shaping the organisation but is secretive as the launch had competition which it was wary of. The Google approach to launch had the official launch date with the company or product head describing the usage benefits are the standard patterns (Teece, 2010). This however, is a closely guarded secret as its numerous idea incubation teams in Google adopted the concept to deliver a more secretive affair. Much of it is due to the nature of online applications that had to be tested and beta testing was launched. This shaped Googles ability to understand the coding phase and testing phase which needed to meet the user expectations at glob al level (Goswami, Mattoo and Sa ez, 2012). The secretive nature however is more on the lines of Googles ability to understand the target population their demand patterns which should reflect in the promise of the new venture (Jean, Chiou and Zou, 2013). The second game changer development that helped Google to foray ahead is Google Adwords that is a self service programme which enabled users to pay online, and choose key words that are used for the huge internet customer based for targeting. It also offered Google analytics and performance feedback that helped to understand the viability of what pays. This changed the way the internet evolved as Google gradually become a power player in defining the web architecture and how the documents, photos, media will be shared with the different programming languages with the integration of Google APIs. The above invention was first of its kind which shows how product driven architecture in Google gave its way to services. This is more users based and closely linked to the Google search engine of tag words. Googles ability to design content or information with the tag words therefore is a surprise as it evolved as more of a solution centric breaking the trend of the product centric image. Thi s makes Googles think tank outshine the nearest competitors and its innovation created user stickiness while no other competitor could imitate. Google thus is able to shape and control the internet dependency from the varied users groups like IT developers, content and the structure. This was path breaking and disruptive in its class that rendered the users to realise what and how they wanted to use the Google platform. This was a long kept secret as the ability to link the tag words into the Google search system and bring out the effectiveness in output required Google algorithm which kept on changing over the years. This was a more of an emergent need of the users which was offered while Google kept this project under wraps until the concept and coding and output matched to what it wanted. There is a need to secrecy which Google realised as this is a monetising model that is what users wanted and is the game changer of how personalisation of search content, visibility is being con trolled (Muhlbacher, Leihs and Dahringer, 2006). While the whole world seeks information in the form of news, Google timed its Google News that managed to tap over 4000 new sources to start and now have reached over 50,000 sources giving a boost in online readership, new websites and web pages that are reaching to billions of readers in different countries and languages. This is a key integrative feature which Google recognised for the digital world. It also segregated the scholars and launched a search engine for research domain in any subject along with the Google books that had excerpts of e-books for users to read before buying offline or online. The news also allowed Google to foray into digital media where it controlled and adorned the aggregator which compelled different stakeholders to be a part of the search for news. The company hence was emerging more of an application oriented IT firm rather which exploited the online platform. This was a more streamlined version of what other search engines offered but the ability to a ggregate globally with all countries and across language domains showed the capability of the IT engineering prowess. This gain showed how Google strategy was inclusive of variety of people, their needs and had to adopt a carefully adopted strategy to launch the application to the world stage. It led them to do continuous innovation and also be the one of most open in terms of accepting ideas inside the firm. The organisational culture of the IT project teams working in multiple projects showed the need to be open in terms of communication, project viability, testing till the final launch. This whole approach however is a closely guarded secret as Googles foray needs to be tested online which tests the reliability and validity of the new application intended for the user based satisfaction. The strategy of Google to penetrate search engine market also led to creation of Google toolbar a plugin which made the search possible even without the Google home page (Teece, 2010). The social media boom was coming, so the need to integrate and offer people to people platform using Orkut and later on GooglePlus was born. The trend of the Googles foray into each of the above technology platforms are interlinked to the user based demands while few of them addressed the latent needs of the users that did not exist before. Over the years, Googles delivery and launch in providing search email led to higher level of communication on the internet which is blogging. The company did acquisition as it had received rounds of funding and its model had monetisation capability which other search engines did not offer. It was aware of usenet and blogging as the content becoming more organised and a part of the daily transactions. It also launched Picasa that consisted of sharing of picture album s, along with the textual content. The trends in the internet emerged fast and with its team, Googles closely guarded secret is spawned in the backyards. This led to the creation of the empower teams who did incubation of idea which is very unlikely in American corporation when compared to Japanese management. Googles strategy to offer technical advanced cutting edge tools online is a blend of the user based habits and feedbacks. This became predominantly a key (Gilligan and Hird, 2013). The Google RD labs therefore showed that it wanted to aid businesses with corporate emails that are customisable (Savoia and Copeland, 2011). It has also integrated with other software applications like Microsoft office as Google Docs, followed by Google Excel. Therefore Googles ability to do collaborative invention that allows users to use the features of the PC to be used on smart phones is a revolutionary innovation. The company showed the capability of computing by showing that it is committed to the invention that led to opening up of offices in UK, Germany, China and India. Most of the innovation like Google chat emerged as an email add on, when Google employees used to interact at personal level (Sofka et al. 2012). The firm level diverse thinking and open culture led to innovative ideas and offers to design more intuitive tools that were enablers of user functions. Gradual development of the Googles offerings tend to integrate the mobile based interfaces, applications in smar tphone Apps which are the changing face of the technology shaping the user lifestyle. GooglePlaystore similar to the Appleplaystore challenged the Apple and Blackberry domination and its foray into designing Android OS (operating system) showed the mobile industry to be the initiator and facilitator status. It allowed manufacturers of the smart phones to take advantage of the Googles OS, to be a based and offer Google Playstore to download Apps paid or free as per requirements. Google understood that the knowledge of the employees who are able to collaborate are spawning now more innovative ideas that are solution centric software applications (Steiber, 2013). There is a gradual shift of the product to software application centric developments. The trend in internal research previously had the monetising approach in Google that now has been modelled in such a manner which is leading to greater idea generation and multiple projects running at the same time. The essence of the Googles approach to employee diversity which is helping to do innovation lies in the fact that talent is the key. It has been able to control and shape the online world as innovation holds the key while it has been able to foray from IT Company to a media firm (Mayer, 2008). The ability to integrate and address diverse needs and the role of facilitator and be solution centric allowed the firm to reach greater heights in the consumer perception. The clear cut strategy of Google chronological events show that it has been able to show domination of web events though the competition is stiff, it has consolidated the users in a manner that compels them to stick to use one or more services. The Googles approach to the development from idea stage is closely guarded secret as most of the teams in Google work separately. The feasibility of the new application or product developed are found to be similar, and based on previous platforms (Mulgan, 2012). The Googles approach t o development seeks to address the gaps in the technology ecosystem which has taken internet world by storm and now mobiles to adapt OS which is free. The approach to the online world therefore shows distinct traits, of secrecy during development which is only leaked after testing phase is over. Google builds on the user expectations and makes the users wait till the final launch date is decided at the HQ. It is a standard practice but Googles take on Apple, Blackberry being an IT company required them to understand the broader technological impact it will make in the world. This reflects the Googles approach to organisational culture and entrepreneurship coupled with the ambition to dominate the world (Finkle, 2012). The current Googles offerings are motivated by competition and the redefining it with more options. The ability to do it differently is a secret research which Google needs to guard in order gain to take on the competition headlong. The issue of succeeding in the techn ological world where things change in three months, need to prepare as a company. Hence the secrecy mode and ability to understand the customer nerves of technology adaptation in their lifestyle. There is also the fear of failure as Googles approach to differentiate in the technology world depended on its ability to differentiate IT offerings as much of them are improvised and improved versions of existing competitor products (Kultti et al. 2006). Comparing Google Maps and Google search engine, the former shows innovation while the latter shows the Googles technological ability to upgrade the Yahoo search engines structure. There is higher degree of innovation in each of the innovation that Google has engaged into which speaks about the passion that had secrecy to ward off competition (Bos et al. 2015). It wants to guard the rate of innovation and its scope which is mostly disruptive in this technological world as higher stakes are embedded in it. It is a common feature even in the manufacturing world where the NPD (new product development) has many failures and prototypes until the final version is tested for launch. There is also a monetary angle as all the efforts in man hours committed also needs the walled approach to NPD (Gassmann et al. 2010). Hence, most of the Googles innovation is perhaps the passion to improve the existing competitors offerings, while Google has changed it by designing new IT projects which are disruptive to the core. The strategy is to leave the competition at bay and move ahead in technological and concept superiority which leaves a large gap between the followers and Google. All of these show that Google does not want the companys information of NPD to be divulged. Secrecy forms thus a potent weapon to one of the key organising principles for the creative process of innovation. This is evident in the whole process of how Google has been able to shape the online world, mobile applications or foray into driverless car integrating GPS, Google maps and electronics to embed the Google technology (Iyer and Davenport, 2008). The Googles approach to work methods through employee diversity is a openness in a closed walled approach from outside competitors is enabling to disrupt the innovation continuum in th is world. It has been able to successfully launch top secret projects with precision and deadline that has shows the importance of employee knowledge leading to firm success. References Arundel, A. (2001). The relative effectiveness of patents and secrecy for appropriation. Research Policy, 30(4), 611624. Bos, B., Broekhuizen, T. L. J., and de Faria, P. (2015). A dynamic view on secrecy management. Journal of Business Research, 68(12), 26192627. Finkle, T. A. (2012). Corporate Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Silicon Valley: The Case of Google, Inc. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 36(4), 863884. Gassmann, O., Enkel, E., and Chesbrough, H. (2010). The future of open innovation. R and D Management, 40(3), 213221. Gilligan, C. and Hird, M. (2013).International marketing. Oxon [England]: Routledge. Goswami, A., Mattoo, A. and Sa ez, S. (2012).Exporting services. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Iyer, B., and Davenport, T. H. (2008). Reverse Engineering Google s Innovation Machine. Harvard Business Review, (April), 5869. Jean, R., Chiou, J. and Zou, S. (2013).International marketing in rapidly changing environments. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Kultti, K., Takalo, T., and Toikka, J. (2006). Simultaneous model of innovation, secrecy, and patent policy. In American Economic Review 9 (6), pp. 8286. Mayer, M. (2008). Innovation, design, and simplicity at google. Proceedings of the 39th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education - SIGCSE 08, 199. Muhlbacher, H., Leihs, H. and Dahringer, L. (2006).International marketing. London: Thomson Learning. Mulgan, G. (2012). Social Innovation: Blurring Boundaries to Reconfigure Markets: Palgrave Savoia, A., and Copeland, P. (2011). Entrepreneurial innovation at Google. Computer, 44(4), 5661 Sofka, W., Shehu, E., and de Faria, P. (2012). Appropriation in Times of Open Innovation: Does Secrecy Still Work? Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings. Steiber, A. (2013). A corporate system for continuous innovation: the case of Google Inc. European Journal of Innovation Management, 16(2), 243264. Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long Range Planning, 43(2-3), 172194. References

Voices of freedom paper free essay sample

In chapter, five there are several points. However the biggest points are if the colonists should be independent from Britain, the colonists reaction to the laws and acts made by the British Empire, and the rights of the colonists. These points summarize the contents of chapter five of â€Å"Voices of Freedom† and â€Å"Give Me Liberty†. The articles in voices of freedom that are arguing the primary points the first article is the â€Å"Virginia Resolutions on the Stamp Act (1765)†. This article is about Virginia’s House of Burgesses making resolutions to defend their liberty they decided to approve four of these resolutions and rejected three. The next article is â€Å"New York Workingmen Demand a Voice in the Revolutionary Struggle (1770)†. This article is about how craftsmen have a right to speak there voice for public policy, as well as how ordinary men in new york city challenged how far the merchants should go for this resistance. We will write a custom essay sample on Voices of freedom paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The third article is â€Å"Association of the New York Sons of Liberty (1773)†. This article is about Britain taking advantage of the colonists’ rights and explaining to how their treatment is like slavery. The fourth article is â€Å"Farmington, Connecticut, Resolutions, on the Intolerable Acts (1774)†. This article is about the one thousand residents of Farmington, Connecticut response to the intolerable acts, as well as how liberty was the same cause as gods cause. The fifth article is â€Å"Thomas Paine, Common Sense (1776)†. This article is about what was wrong with monarchial rule and used colonists’ experiences as to why they should be independent to the British Empire. The last article is â€Å"James Chalmers, Plain Truth (1776)†. This article is about James Chalmers response to â€Å"Common Sense† and how the colonists would be better off staying loyal to the British, as well as how if they become independent then they will be taken over by another country and be slaves. This chapter is about the American Revolution and the argument about if the colonies should declare independence from the British Empire. There are several good points on both sides as to whether or not be independent from the British Empire. Are the British taking advantages of the rights of the colonist or what they are doing is fair and more beneficial for the colonist to just stay loyal to the British Empire. In Chalmer’s article, he describes how it is foolish to declare independence from Britain, as well as to declare independence is to be put into slavery. He states this when he writes, â€Å"We remember with unfeigned gratitude, the many benefits derived through our connections with Great Britain, by whom but yesterday we were emancipated from slavery and death (Chalmers 100)†. This shows Chalmers belief that even though the colonists were greatly benefitting from the connections with Great Britain they were still somehow enslaved by them. In Paine’s article, he is saying that the colonist should seek independence from Great Britain, as well as the reasons for this. He also is saying that there are some benefits to staying loyal but that Great Britain will take advantage of the colonists and their rights. Paine mentions this when he says, â€Å"we may as well assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is to never have meat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Paine 96). This is saying that like a child and parent that even though a child benefits from the parent the child should eventually move away from the parent and seek its own independence. This is the same for why the colonists should seek independence from its parent country Great Britain. The acts and laws passed by the British Empire caused several negative responses from the colonist. One of these negative responses to an act was the Boson Tea Party in response to the tea act that was passed. In Give Me Liberty the Foner writes, â€Å"a group of colonists disguised as Indians boarded three ships at anchor in Boston Harbor and threw more than 300 chests of tea into the water† (Foner 189). The intolerable acts caused one thousand residents in Farmington, Connecticut to make resolutions in response to these intolerable acts. One of these resolutions to the intolerable acts was â€Å" That the late Act which their malice hath caused to be passed in parliament, for blocking up the port of Boston, is unjust, illegal and oppressive; and that we and every American are sharers in the insults offered to the town of Boston†(Force 92). This is showing that the British blocking up Boston harbor is unfair illegal and oppressing the colonists and that by doing this Britain has not only insulted Boston but the all of America as well. The sons of liberty as well had a negative response to the laws and acts that were passed and thought of it as enslavement. The sons of liberty wrote this in their article, â€Å"to unite with their fellow citizens, to testify their abhorrence to the diabolical project of enslaving America† (Niles 87). This is saying that it is time to unite and state what they think of the laws and acts and stop to what they believe is enslavement by the British Empire. Not only that but as well a call to action for colonists who also believed this. These are some of the negatives responses to the acts and laws passed by the British Empire The rights of the colonists are mentioned all throughout the chapter. The British Empire passed several laws and acts to what they thought were only fair since they believed the colonies as a way to enrich the British Empire. Foner says this when he writes; â€Å"Britain reverted in the mid-1760s to seeing them as subordinates whose main role was to enrich the mother country† (Foner 179). This shows how the British viewed the colonists as well as why they thought that any law or act that they passed would be fine with the colonists since they were only thought of as a way to improve the British Empire. The British Empire also made it known to the colonists that they have the right to pass any tax on the colonists that they want. Which many colonists believed this was British Empire stamping on their rights and their liberty. Brutus says this when he writes, â€Å"Has not our Mother Country, by solemn Act of Legislation, declared that she has a right to impose internal Taxes on us? And is not such an imposition incompatible with our Liberty† (Brutus 86). This is describing how Brutus thinks of how Great Britain taxes are in itself going against the liberty of the colonists as well as how great Britain can place any tax that they please by there right no mater who’s rights it takes away. The House of Burgesses made resolutions in response to the stamp act because they wanted to do everything in their power to protect the liberty of the colonists. In this article the House of Burgesses shows this when it says, â€Å"to vest such power in any other person or persons whatever than the General Assembly aforesaid, is illegal, unconstitutional, and has a manifest tendency to destroy British as well as American liberty† (Kennedy 84). This is saying that to give anyone such power is the bases for destroying both American and British liberties and should only be given to the General Assembly. Those are just some of the liberties that both sides said to have the right to. Chapter five has shown several points that are good for both sides. . These main points were if the colonists should achieve independence from their mother country Great Britain, the rights and liberties of the colonist and British Empire, and the colonists reaction to the laws and acts that were passed by Great Britain. As well chapter five has shown the primary point in the articles by Chalmers and Paine on weather to be independent from Britain, the reactions of the colonists from the sons of liberty and the one thousand residents of Farmington, Connecticut, and the rights and liberties of the colonists from Brutus and House of Burgesses. That is what chapter five of â€Å"Voices of Freedom† and â€Å"Give Me Liberty† is about.

How to Use Uchiago Essay Sample As an English Lesson

How to Use Uchiago Essay Sample As an English LessonThe Uchiago essay sample is one of the most popular educational materials in Japan. This can be used as a learning tool for students that would like to take their English language knowledge to another level. The question is, will it teach you English or not?The problem with Uchiago is that it is too much text and not enough illustrations. If you are looking for a way to teach your students how to read, this may not be the book for you. Many students are simply not comfortable reading long, boring books that have very little written information on them.One of the most common questions from teachers is whether or not the book is worth it. Because it is so heavily illustrated, some of the lines may be difficult to follow for the English-speaking student. However, if you are working on a task where this is the only approach, then you will probably be fine. The illustrations may help you understand the English language better than if you were reading the text.Another thing to keep in mind is that the Japanese and English are used so differently. It is not possible to translate the texts to English and find meaning in them. It may work in other studies, but in English the original texts do not mean what they say.When you use an essay sample as an English lesson, you are teaching the student something that he or she can understand. If you don't emphasize the main idea of the book, such as Uchiago's purpose in the Japanese language, then the student is not going to pay attention when you go over it. Your language choice should also be very specific.Some students find that when they read the Japanese text of Uchiago, they are so frustrated that they simply give up. This is not the right approach for you to take. Instead, look at it as an extension of what your students are already learning. This makes it easier for them to understand what you are trying to teach them.There are ways to extend your use of the Uchiago ess ay sample. You can write a lot of sentences that are short but very telling. You can also add a little Japanese vocabulary here and there, so that your students will pay attention.You do not have to use the words and meanings that are translated into English. In fact, many teachers want their students to use more Japanese words but keep the English translation for academic purposes. You can easily find ways to make the sentences stand out, as well as add vocabulary.

Trojan Asteroids and their Places in the Solar System

Trojan Asteroids and their Places in the Solar System Asteroids are hot properties of the solar system these days. Space agencies are interested in exploring them, mining companies may soon be taking them apart for their minerals, and planetary scientists are interested in the role they played in the early solar system. It turns out that Earth and nearly all the other planets owe a large part of their existence to asteroids, which contributed to the process of planetary formation. Understanding Asteroids Asteroids are rocky objects too small to be planets or moons, but orbit in various parts of the solar system. When astronomers or planetary scientists discuss ​asteroids, they usually think about the region in the solar system where many of them exist; its called the Asteroid Belt and  lies  between Mars and Jupiter. While the majority of the asteroids in our solar system seem to orbit in the Asteroid Belt, there are other groups that orbit the Sun at various distances in both the inner and outer solar system. Among these are the so-called Trojan Asteroids, which are individually named after figures in the legendary Trojan Wars from Greek myths. Nowadays, planetary scientists simply refer to them as trojans.   The Trojan Asteroids First discovered in 1906, the Trojan asteroids orbit the Sun along the same orbital path of a planet or a  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹moon. Specifically, they either lead or follow the planet or moon by 60 degrees. These positions are known as the L4 and L5 Lagrange points. (LaGrange points are positions where the gravitational effects from two larger objects, the Sun and a planet, in this case, will hold a small object like an asteroid in a stable orbit.)  There are Trojans orbiting Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune.   Jupiters Trojans Trojan asteroids were suspected to exist as far back as 1772 but werent observed for some time. The mathematical justification for the existence of Trojan asteroids was developed in 1772 by Joseph-Louis Lagrange. The  application of the theory he developed led to his name being attached to it.   However, it was not until 1906 that asteroids were found at the L4 and L5 Lagrange points along Jupiters orbit.  Recently, researchers have found that there may be a very large number of Trojan asteroids around Jupiter. This makes sense since Jupiter has a very strong gravitational pull and likely captured more asteroids into its area of influence.  Some say there are could be as many around Jupiter as there are in the Asteroid Belt. However, recent studies have found that there may be systems of Trojan asteroids elsewhere in our solar system. These may actually outnumber the asteroids in both the Asteroid Belt and Jupiters Lagrange points by an order of magnitude (i.e. there could be at least more than 10 times more). Additional Trojan Asteroids In one sense, Trojan asteroids should be easy to find. After all, if they orbit at the L4 and L5 Lagrange points around planets, so observers know exactly where to look for them. However, since most of the planets in our solar system are very far away from Earth and because asteroids can be very tiny and incredibly hard to detect, the process of finding them, and then measuring their orbits, is not very simple. In fact, it can be very difficult!   As evidence of this, consider that the ONLY Trojan asteroid is known to orbit along Earths path - 60 degrees in front of us - was just  confirmed to exist in 2011!  There are also seven confirmed Mars Trojan asteroids. So, the process of finding these objects in their predicted orbits around other worlds requires painstaking work and a great many observations at different times of the year to get a direct and accurate measure of their orbital periods.   Most interesting though is the presence of Neptunian Trojan asteroids. While there around a dozen confirmed, there are many more candidates. If confirmed, they would significantly outnumber the combined asteroid count of the Asteroid Belt and Jupiter Trojans. This is a very good reason for continuing to study this distant region of the solar system.   There still could be additional groups of Trojan asteroids orbiting various objects in our solar system, but as yet these are the sum total of what we have found. More surveys of the solar system, particularly using infrared observatories, could turn up many additional Trojans orbiting among the planets.   Edited and revised by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Brief Guide on conducting projects involving Hazardous Materials

The faculty of projects involving dangerous biological materials (including recombinant DNA), radioactive materials or hazardous chemical waste must be approved beforehand and comply with all relevant government regulations. SIUC 's Environmental Health and Safety Center (453 - 7180) oversees the following approval committees and supervises compliance. In-house biosafety committee and biosafety officer of Biosafety SIUC are responsible for ensuring that faculty members engaged in dangerous biomaterial research comply with recently published federal and state research standards. Hazardous Substance Management 13. Harmful substances may be used as raw materials or produced by projects. In case unavoidable, the customer avoids or minimizes release of dangerous goods. In this case, it is necessary to evaluate the production, transportation, handling, storage and use of hazardous materials for project activities. If hazardous substances are intended to be used for manufacturing processes or other tasks, the customer considers a less dangerous alternative. Customers avoid manufacturing, trading and using chemical substances and hazardous materials prohibited by international ban or law. Toxicological effects of hazardous substances may be local or systemic. Local injuries include parts of the body that come into contact with dangerous substances and are usually caused by reactive or corrosive chemicals such as strong acids, bases, oxidants, etc. Systemic lesions include tissues or organs that are unrelated to or removed from the contact site when the toxin is transported through the bloodstream. Certain hazardous substances may affect target organs. Physical effects of substances also depend on acute or chronic toxicity. Acute toxicity can occur with a single brief exposure, but this is usually very rapid and usually reversible. Long-term repeated exposure can cause chronic toxicity. The effect is usually lagging progressive and may be irreversible Annex C Hazardous Materials HAZMAT In consideration of the technical nature of the threat, NRT-1 of the National Response Team, Dangerous Goods Emergency Planning Guidelines and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Hazard Analysis Technology Guidelines to Address the HAZMAT Plan's Needs It must be used as a main source of information. Other useful guidelines include the Department of Transportation (DOT), the co-issued chemical analysis procedure manual of EPA and FEMA, and the planning part of the DOT agreement and coordinated FEMA's public sector hazardous material training guidelines. . The planning team should use the guide and this annex to complete the hazard analysis and to identify the unique planning requirements to be addressed at the EOP. Hazardous substance hazard work definition

Major Historical Event in US History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Major Historical Event in US History - Essay Example Thus, the agenda of 'legal equality' and then 'social equality' will be the general themes that brings together or provides a cohesion for the woman's movement in US history from 1865 to the present. The period of 1865 to 1876 can be said to be pivotal to the woman's movement in U.S. history. The introduction of the fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the U.S. is largely thought to be a step backward. That is, as far as the goal of bringing the franchise to women and other groups not yet recognized to have a legal right to vote. In U.S. history, the right to vote for women was an agenda that went back as far as the early to mid seventeenth century, and historians trace the first legal challenge in the U.S. as occurring at that time in the state of Maryland. A one-time governor named Leonard Calvert, appointed a woman named Margaret Brent as his personal executor. Brent was an attorney which was exceptional in the seventeenth century, and found herself in 1648 petitioning the government of Maryland for the right to vote as well as the right to carry out her duties as executor. She was a property holder, and a successful attorney at the time. By 1868 when the Fourteenth Amendment was introduced, there had already been a significant woman's suffrage movement, and indeed, legal challenges for the right to vote [Mays 58-9]. ... Unit one as associated with post 1865 is the beginning of the period known as reconstruction, and what follows in the aftermath of the Civil War (1860-1865) is a fairly reactionary political mandate. Arguably, the period following the Civil War can be characterized as a period where a great number of concessions were made to the interests of Southerners who had been defeated in the war that was centered around the issue of slavery. During the period in question or the era of Reconstruction after the Civil War, the notorious â€Å"Jim Crow† legislation throughout the South had introduced a pattern of which distinct traces can still be seen in the southern states. The new laws stated that no one could vote unless a poll tax had been paid and in some places, unless the voter could pass a literacy test, too. Blacks were not allowed to use the same railway cars, schools or residential areas as whites. These laws contradicted the Fourteenth Amendment but the Supreme Court seems to h ave turned a blind eye to what these state laws meant in relation to the laws of the central government. By this time, northerners seem to have allowed themselves to feel less responsible for post-War developments in the South. Blacks would feel abandoned by the north while facing southern hatred expressed both officially and violently. As Gillett explained, even white reformers seemed more concerned by what ought to be done with Blacks, as opposed to for Blacks and with many content to state that the slaves had been freed by the northern Civil War effort and that they now must work towards their own betterment [Gillett 368]. Segregation continued in a system which managed the Black population by keeping them separate from

Global leadership and management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global leadership and management - Essay Example They understand that the leadership tools help them in solving complicated problems and thus give them way to be success. Those leaders who are best are certainly keen on learning more to sharpen their qualities and skill to be constructive and efficient .A leader can turn out to be disorganized and unfocused, if he does not evaluate and analyze himself at the right time and in the right manner. A stressed and unfocused leader can be a disaster and failure and can also de-motivate the team which he is leading. The performance standards of the leader can be enhanced only if he makes use of an appropriate leadership assessment tool. These tools provide assessment in various areas of management like sales, customer service, team building, and time management and so on. The overview of the proposed leadership assessment tool The proposed leadership assessment tool is focused on determining the ability of the person to work with tasks and people. In this assessment, a person needs to resp ond on 18 questions which evaluate their skill on task and people. This assessment studies the leader’s skill and ability in leading a project by giving attention to all areas of working. It also evaluates the person’s ability in achieving a task or objective in the appropriate manner Also, the person’ s ability to coach the team regarding new tasks and procedures are also analyzed in this proposed leadership assessment tool. His ability to carry out different complicated task at one time is also kept in consideration during the assessment. Managing the time is an important aspect of a successful leadership and this tool give much value to it. A leader can perform a task efficiently only if he is expert in analyzing problems and managing team work. He should also honor the limits and restrictions of his employees and plan things accordingly. However, if a leader can counsel his employees well, he has done half of his job. Once the person has responded to the que stions listed, his scores are recorded on a form which has the two columns with a specification of task and people. The total marks for both areas are totaled and jotted on a chart. The graph has task has the horizontal axis, and people as the vertical axis. According to the intersection of lines on graph, the leadership will be categorized as team leader, country club type, authoritarian or impoverished. In the following pages we can see the results of 10 respondents who have used this tool. Leadership assessment results of 10respondents Respondent One : The first respondent is not very keen in involving the team in decision making process, coaching them , reading literature to training, leadership and psychology as the score is two .Although, he is averagely good with accomplishing tasks ,keeping accounts of minute details of projects, correcting mistakes, time management and encouraging employees, since his score is three. He has proved too competent with analyzing problems, mult i- tasking, explaining the task to employees and honoring their limits as he scored four. The person has gives least importance in breaking large projects to smaller task and monitoring the schedule of the project, since he has scored one .However, the score is five in areas like building a great team, on counseling skills and carrying out and implementing innovative procedures. Finally, by

Militarism Caused WWII Essay -- World War II WWII WW2

Militarism On Sunday June 28, 1914, a member of the terrorist group The Black Hand, assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Many historians say that this event was the cause of World War I. There is also a theory that the assassination of the Archduke was only a trigger and that the war itself was caused by numerous other historical events and developments including imperialism, militarism, and alliances. Militarism was the leading factor in the outbreak of war. Militarism is the philosophy that a country’s significance is shown through its military might. Such a violent ideal promotes a unnecessarily strong military force and an aggressive demeanor while negotiating national interests. Without it the World War I would not happen on such a grand scale, if it would have happened at all. Militarism has always been present in countries around the world, but it had never become such a major force until the new Kaiser of Germany, William II, rose to power. He grew up as a cadet in Potsdam and it was there that he acquired a fondness for military pomp. While receiving his education, instead of insight and wisdom, it filled him with bigoted and absurdly romantic notions of war (Schulezed et al 69). Although Bismark, the previous prime minister, dismissed the new youthful Kaiser, he was forced out of power, marking the turning point of when German militarism moved to a forefront and became the ideal of the nation, and all rational calculations were put on the back burner (Schulezed et al 70). When Germany began to build its army, there was no going back. The Social Democratic Party, the main political party at the time, was unsuccessful in opposing naval growth because military provided the working class with tens of thousands o... ...l in times of peace. He argued that military elites had too much power in European countries and World War I was a consequence of their desire for the military power and disdain of democracy. He supported the removal of rulers such as Wilhelm II, an end to aristocracy, and militarism in any shape or form. Unfortunately his ideas were implemented only after the world suffered through the second World War when history had repeated itself without anyone learning their lesson. Bibliography â€Å"Naval Rivalry.† Europe. 3rd ed. 5 vols. Beresford, Charles W., Volker R. Berghahn, Herwig H. Holger, Lambert A. Nicholas, Arthur J. Marder, Jon T. Sumida, and Lawrence Sondhaus. Farmington Hills: Tomson Gale, 2006 Schulze, Hagen. German - A New History. Massachusette: Harvard University Press, 1998. Stratachn, Hew. The First World War. New York: Penguin Group, 2004

Grammar translation method Essay

Both the grammar translation method and communicative language teaching are teaching methods for acquiring a foreign language. Whereas the grammar translation method focuses on the translation of certain grammar rules and the translation of vocabulary, the communicative approach aims for acquiring the skill of communication for the learner Scrivener (2011). Both methods are effective in their own way, although the communicative approach focuses on the actual goal of language, namely communication between human beings. In this essay the grammar translation method and the communicative approach will be compared and contrasted, laying special emphasis on the assertion that the communicative approach is more effective for the learning and understanding of a foreign language than the grammar translation method. First of all, a remarkable difference in language usage is noticeable when comparing the two methods. While the grammar translation method exclusively uses the learner’s mother tongue, the communicative approach uses nothing else but the actual target language. With the use of the mother tongue, it is easier to understand grammar and meaning of words. (Rhalmi, M. (2009). This is a required skill to decipher written texts. When only using the foreign language, the level of oral communication increases. (Rhalmi, M. (2009). To find out which of both outcomes has a bigger value, it needs to be clear what the original goal of language is. Communicating is a required skill to survive. Oral communication is something that dates from the origin of the human kind. The invention of written language is a lot more recent. (Bright, W. (n.d). This proves that language is originally used for communication. Given this point, there can be concluded that the outcome of the communicative approach has bigger value to language’s actual goal.  In contrast, a really attractive feature on th e grammar translation method is its easily understandable explanation of grammar, words and phrases. Because of the fact that all the explanation happens in the mother tongue, it is easy for the learner to understand what is being said. Also, learners acquire a better capacity of understanding synonyms in the foreign language, due to the fact that they have already learned the meaning. Secondly, the communication between teacher and learner is flawless. Since the teacher and the learner speak the same language, the teacher can easily verify whether the pupils have learned what is just explained. (Fitriyanti, R. (2011).  Within the communicative approach, the communication between student and teacher is a lot more difficult and tedious in the beginning, which has to do with the use of target language only. However, the communication between teacher and learner is from much more value as the learner becomes more familiar with the foreign language (Abradi, C. (n.d). Because of goal aimed teaching in communicative language teaching, the communicative competence improves quickly (this will be explained later). What this says is that the tedious communication at the beginning can better be seen as a learning moment, rather than a disadvantage. Thirdly, in both methods there is a completely different way of acquiring skills. With the grammar translation method the students are supposed to learn the rules about the target language when sitting down and listening to their teacher. Grammar structures are explained and vocabulary is taught through word lists with a translation. The learner’s practice to apply what they’ve learned exists out of exercises where the learner needs to translate sentences or texts from the native to the target language and the other way around. (Rahlmi, M. (2009). Thus, this is a rather passive way of learning. The communicative language teaching lessons are quite different. These lessons contain meaningful activities in which the learner is required to interact. The activities are based on the interest of the learner to boost learning motivation. (Rhalmi, M. (2009). So, whereas the grammar translation method is rather passive, communicative language teaching is quite active. Passive learning is not really effective for the learner. (Ebbens, S (2013) states that a much better result of learning is caused by (inter)active practice. To go on, the teacher’s role is quite different in both methods. With the grammar translation method, the teacher is basically the guide for the learning process. The method is teacher centred, which means that the class focuses just on the explanation of the teacher. The role of the teacher here is to provide information to the students (Fitriyanti, R. (2011). â€Å"Teachers in communicative classrooms will find themselves talking less and listening more–becoming active facilitators of their students’ learning (Larsen-Freeman, 1986)† The communicative approach is a student centred method. Although the teacher sets up the exercise, it is the learner’s performance which fills up most of the lesson (Orellana. (2007). The  learning process is less effective when the teacher does most work in the classroom (teacher centred method) instead of the students doing most work in the classroom. (student centred method) (Ebbens, S (2013). A fifth issue, on which the two methods can be compared and contrasted on, is its historical background. The fact that learners of the grammar translation method are not able to produce comprehensive output in the form of oral communication, became evident in the years 1939 until 1945 (World War II) when the grammar translation method was not teaching students the foreign language effectively enough to communicate with allies or to understand the communications of the enemy, which was required to survive. When this occurred, a new approach appeared known as the audio lingual method which was based on structuralism and (The Grammar-Translation Method, n.d,). In 1957 the audio lingual method was criticised by the prominent linguist Noam Chomsky for its inability to teach learners to creatively apply language (Rhalmi, M. (2009). Partly because of this criticism, during the 60s of the 20th century, commutative language teaching was introduced in the classroom. (Rhalmi, M. (2009). This states that communicative language teaching was invented as a reaction on an alternative method for the grammar translation method. Thus, the communicative approach is actually already a more modern and adapted method of teaching the core goal language has. To summarise the main points mentioned in this essay; The difference of language usage in both methods, the advantage in language usage of both methods, the way of acquiring skills in both methods, the teacher and students role, and the historical background of both methods. These points given, I can conclude that the communicative approach of teaching a language is more effective to teach the learner language’s original goal, communication, than the grammar translation method. Although, if one is talking about comprehensive output in the form of letters and/or written text translations, the grammar translation method is superior to the communicative approach. Bibliography Rhalmi, M. (2009). Communicative Language Teaching (The Communicative Approach). Available: http://www.myenglishpages.com/blog/communicative-language-teaching-communicative-approach/. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Bright, W. (n.d). What’s the Difference between Speech and Writing?.Available: http://www.linguisticsociety.org//resource/whats-difference-between-speech-and-writing. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Rahlmi, M. (2009). Grammar Translation Method. Available: http://www.myenglishpages.com/blog/grammar-translation-method/. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Fitriyanti, R. (2011). Grammar Translation Method. Available: http://novaekasari09.wordpress.com/2011/06/12/grammar-translation-method/. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Abradi, C. (n.d). Advantages and disadvantages of communicative language teaching. Available: https://www.academia.edu/4743392/Communicative_Language_Teaching_theories_lesson_plan_and_application. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Orellana. (2007). The Communicative Approach in English as a Foreign Language Teaching Leer mà ¡s: http://www.monografias.c om/trabajos18/the-communicative-approach/the-communicative-approach.shtml#how#ixzz33uLe7fXe.Available: http://www.monografias.com/trabajos18/the-communicative-approach/the-communicative-approach.shtml#how. Last accessed 07/06/2014. The Grammar-Translation Method. (n.d). Available: http://hlr.byu.edu/methods/content/text/grammar-text.htm. Last accessed 02/06/2014. Scrivener (2011). Learning Teaching. 3rd ed. Londen: Macmillian. 31-32. Ebbens, S (2013). Effectief leren. Houten: Noordhoff uitgevers.